Sample Citations - Number Format

Web Browsers

Extracted from the Doctoral Dissertation of Lawrence E. Burgee.

The Web browser is a very common human-computer interface. The user and the computer interact in a communicative dialogue with the goal of accomplishing a task. The two-way dialogue allows both the human and the computer to query, interrupt, and correct the communication at various points in the process [1]. Web browsers are the primary tool used for interacting with digital libraries [2]. Web browsers as a group are the common computer application used to load and view the more than 36 million Web sites available on the Internet. It is now common for a Web site to contain more than 10,000 unique Web pages [3].

Tim Berners-Lee constructed the first Web browser in 1990 called “WorldWideWeb” [4]. It was later renamed to Nexus and provided the fundamental design specification for subsequent browsers. Marc Andreesen created the Mosaic browser in 1993 and one year later formed Netscape. In the mid-1990s Netscape Navigator and Microsoft Internet Explorer became the dominant commercial browsers and remain so today [5]. There are several browsers for handheld personal digital assistants (PDAs) specialized for small-screen visual display units (SVDUs) including Pocket Internet Explorer from Microsoft and AvantGo for use with the Palm Operating System [6].

References

  1. Card, S. K., T. P. Moran and A. Newell (1983). The psychology of human-computer interaction. Hillsdale, NJ, USA, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  2. Buchanan, G., M. Jones and G. Marsden (2002). Exploring small screen digital library access with the Greenstone digital library. 6th European Conference on Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries, Rome, Italy, Springer, http://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~mattj/SmallScreenDLsFinal.pdf.
  3. Nadamoto, A. and K. Tanaka (2003). A comparative Web browser (CWB) for browsing and comparing Web pages. International World Wide Web Conference, Budapest, Hungary, ACM Press.
  4. Berners-Lee, T. (2002). The WorldWideWeb browser, http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/WorldWideWeb.html.
  5. Haag, S., M. Cummings and D. J. McCubbrey (2004). Management information systems for the information age. New York, New York, USA, McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
  6. Jones, M., G. Marsden, N. Mohd-Nasir, K. Boone and G. Buchanan (1999). Improving Web interaction on small displays. Computer Networks 31(11-16): 1129-1137.

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